Artificial Intelligence Generatif dalam Pendidikan: Peluang Personalisasi Belajar dan Risiko Integritas Akademik
Keywords:
AI generatif, integritas akademik, literasi AI, asesmen autentik, pendidikan digital.Abstract
Artikel ini membahas posisi artificial intelligence generatif dalam pendidikan sebagai teknologi yang sekaligus menjanjikan personalisasi belajar dan menimbulkan risiko baru bagi integritas akademik. Kajian ini menggunakan metode studi literatur naratif dan sintesis kebijakan berbasis laporan UNESCO, OECD, World Bank, BPS, dan literatur akademik 2023-2025. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan AI generatif tidak cukup dipahami sebagai alat bantu menulis atau mesin pencari cerdas, tetapi sebagai ekosistem pedagogik yang memerlukan tata kelola etis, literasi AI guru dan mahasiswa, serta desain asesmen yang menilai proses berpikir. Artikel mengusulkan Indeks Kesiapan AI Pendidikan untuk membantu institusi menilai kesiapan teknologi, etika, pedagogik, tata kelola, dan inklusi. Temuan utama menegaskan bahwa AI paling bermanfaat ketika memperkuat peran guru sebagai perancang pengalaman belajar, bukan menggantikan interaksi manusia dalam pendidikan.
References
[1] UNESCO, Guidance for Generative AI in Education and Research. Paris, France: UNESCO, 2023.
[2] UNESCO, AI Competency Framework for Teachers. Paris, France: UNESCO, 2024.
[3] UNESCO, AI Competency Framework for Students. Paris, France: UNESCO, 2024.
[4] OECD, PISA 2022 Results (Volume I): The State of Learning and Equity in Education. Paris, France:
OECD Publishing, 2023.
[5] OECD, Digital Education Outlook 2023: Towards an Effective Digital Education Ecosystem. Paris,
France: OECD Publishing, 2023.
[6] World Bank, Indonesia Learning Poverty Brief 2024. Washington, DC, USA: World Bank, 2024.
[7] BPS, Statistik Pendidikan 2024. Jakarta, Indonesia: Badan Pusat Statistik, 2024.
[8] Kemendikdasmen, Indonesia Education Statistics in Brief 2024/2025. Jakarta, Indonesia:
Pusdatin Kemendikdasmen, 2025.
[9] F. Miao and W. Holmes, “Guidance for generative AI in education and research,”
UNESCO, 2023.
[10] P. Denny et al., “Generative AI for education: Advances, opportunities, and challenges,”
arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.01580, 2024.
[11] M. Sharples, “Towards social generative AI for education: Theory, practices and ethics,”
arXiv preprint arXiv:2306.10063, 2023.
[12] K. Łodzikowski, P. W. Foltz, and J. T. Behrens, “Generative AI and its educational
implications,” arXiv preprint arXiv:2401.08659, 2024.
[13] O. Viberg et al., “What explains teachers’ trust of AI in education across six countries?,”
arXiv preprint arXiv:2312.01627, 2023.
[14] S. Ahmad, S. Umirzakova, G. Mujtaba, M. S. Amin, and T. Whangbo, “Education 5.0:
Requirements, enabling technologies, and future directions,” arXiv preprint
arXiv:2307.15846, 2023.
[15] NIST, Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework (AI RMF 1.0). Gaithersburg, MD,
USA: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2023.
[16] European Commission, Ethical Guidelines on the Use of Artificial Intelligence and Data in
Teaching and Learning for Educators. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union,
2022.
[17] S. Holmes, M. Bialik, and C. Fadel, Artificial Intelligence in Education: Promises and
Implications for Teaching and Learning. Boston, MA, USA: Center for Curriculum Redesign,
2019.
[18] W. Holmes and I. Tuomi, “State of the art and practice in AI in education,” European Journal
of Education, vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 542-570, 2022.
[19] P. Luckin et al., Intelligence Unleashed: An Argument for AI in Education. London, UK:
Pearson, 2016.
[20] APJII, Survei Penetrasi Internet Indonesia 2024. Jakarta, Indonesia: Asosiasi Penyelenggara
Jasa Internet Indonesia, 2024.
[21] UNICEF, The State of the World’s Children 2021: On My Mind. New York, NY, USA: UNICEF,
2021.
[22] World Economic Forum, The Future of Jobs Report 2025. Geneva, Switzerland: WEF, 2025.
[23] T. Trust, “Teacher professional learning in the age of AI,” Journal of Digital Learning in
Teacher Education, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 1-5, 2024.
[24] S. Dawson, D. Gašević, G. Siemens, and S. Joksimović, “Current state and future trends: A
citation network analysis of the learning analytics field,” International Journal of Learning
Analytics and Artificial Intelligence for Education, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-25, 2023.
[25] D. Williamson, “Governing AI in education: Human agency, transparency and
accountability,” Learning, Media and Technology, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 1-15, 2024.
